More about Judaism from my learning of art history…

 

Haskalah

The Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world

 

Pogroms

A Russian word that means to violently destroy, used to describe the riots in Eastern Europe in the 19th and early 20th centuries that resulted in the rape and murder of Jews and the theft and destruction of their property

 

Hasidic Judaism

A Jewish religious group arising as a spiritual revival movement in Western Ukraine in the 18th century, and spread rapidly throughout Eastern Europe